GEOGRAPHY OF DISTRICT
SATNA
LONGITUDE & LATITUDE
Longitude : 80"21' and 81"23' east
Latitude : 23" 58' and 25"12' north
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA :
LOCATION
The District of Satna is situated between latituedes 23"
58' and 25"12' north and longitute 80"21' and 81"23' east in mid
northern part of Rewa Commissioner's Division in Madhya Pradesh state of India.
The districts takes its name from Satna, the head quarters town, which in its
turn takes it from Satna Rewa which flows near the town.
In the north the
district boundary marches with that of Banda District of Uttar Pradesh state.
Eastern Bombay of the district runs with the Teonther, Sirmour and Huzur
tehsils of Rewa district and a very small questions of the Gopadbanas tehsil of
Sidhi District. The entire western boundary of the district is made by Panna
district while the southern boundary abuts on the Murwara tehsil of Jabalpur
district in the west and Bandhogarh tehsil of Umaria district and Beohari
Tehsils of Shahdol district on the east.
PHYSICAL FEATURES
Satna district lies on
Vindhyan Plateau, which has an average altitude of 1000' to 11000'. The
southern portion of Nagod Tehsil below 24"30' north latitude is a hilly
country consisting of a tangled mass of low hills, and enclosing considerable stretches
of level ground. The height of the plateau enclosed by these hills is from
1700' to 1800' generally but occasionally, some of the hills in the south of
the tahsil rise to more than 800 feet in height above the plateau. The general
slope of the country of the tehsil is towards the east, inclined towards the
north in the centre of the tehsil.
Satna, the important river
of the tehsil rises from the Panna hills and flows east as long as it is in
Nagod tehsil. Near village Kathkone in Nagod Tehsil it is joined by the Amran
river, and from this point of junction, it bends towards the south,
making the boundary of Nagod and Raghuraj Nagar tehsils, till it meets the Tons
river a few miles to the south-east of Satna town. Barua is
another river of some importance in the tehsil, which rises from the hills in
the south of the tehsil and flowing almost due west joins the Tons
a few miles below village Karaia, at the border of Maihar and Nagod tehsils.
Amarpatan Tehsil is
bounded on the south by the Son river. The Kaimur ridge, with its
scarp side to the south, rises suddenly like a wall about eight miles to the
north of Son river, going towards the east, with slight northerly
inclination, almost parallel to the Son river. North of Ram Nagar, an isolated
small hill rises to 2,354'. Rest of Amarpatan tehsil is again an alluvial plain
draned by the Behar river, which flows more or less parallel to
the Mirzapur road, in a north-easternly direction.
The south western Maihar
tehsil consists mainly of sandstones of Bhander series, concealed in great part
by alluvium. Beyond 80"44' east longitude the Kaumur ridge runs through
the heart of the broader eastern portion of the tehsil dividing the basin of
the Mahanadi from that of the Tons. The river Tons,
which drains the tehsil runs between the railway line and the Kaumur and is
joined by numerous small nullahs which run along the northern slopes of the
Kaimur. The south eastern extremity of Maihar tehsil is bound by river Mahanadi,
which marches with the boundary of Maihar tehsil first with Murwara tehsil of
Jabalpur district and then with Beohari tehsil of Shahdol district.
Raghuraj Nagar tehsil
consists in the south of an alluvial plain watered by the Tons
and its tributaries the Satna, and the Simrawal
from the north-west and the Magardha and Nar from
the south. The Panna hills cross the narrowest portion of the tehsil in a
west-east direction slightly inclined to the north and separate the valley of
the Paisuni, in part ravinous, from the plateau to the south. Further north is
Vindhyachal range running from west to east, almost parallet to the Panna
hills, through the former sanad states of Baraundha, Patharkachhar and the
Chaube jagirs.
Tha Kaimurs, the Panna
hills, and the Vindhyachal ranges, all belonging to the Vindhya system togeter
with their spurs constitute the principal hills of the district. The Kaumur
range enters Maihar tahsil of the district at village Jhukehi on the border of
Murwara tehsil, and runs through the entire length of Maihar and Amarpatan
tahsil in an easterly direction slightly inclined to the north. At Jhukehi, the
strike of the Kaumurs is displaced, producing the only gap in the whole length
of the Vindhyas. Advantage of the gap is taken in the construction of the
Mirzapur road and the Jabalpur-Allahabad section of Bombay -Calcutta railway
line. The Panna hills enter northern portion of the district from Panna
district and traverse the Raghuraj Nagar tehsil in a west-east direction and
enter the Sirmour tehsil of Rewa district. The Vindhyachal range is in the
extreme north of the district cutting across in a west-east direction slightly
inclinedc to the north.
Tons, Son, and Paisuni
are the impurtant rivers of the district draining it into the Bay of the Bengal
through the Ganga. The Kymore and the Panna hills act as water-divides. Most of
the rivers flow towards the east, with an inclination towards the north. The
Simrawal and the Satna rivers are, however, inclined towards the south.
Tons (or Tamasa) is
the main river of the district, It rises in the Kaumur hill in the Maihar
tehsil, its nominal source, called Tamasa Kund being a tank on the Kaumur
hills, 2,000 feet above the sea-level. From the point is follows a general
north-easterly course, traversing the rough hilly country around Maihar,
flowing through the level fertile country of the Amarpatan and Raghuraj Nagar
tehsil, and then enters the Rewa district. Satna an important affuent of the
Tons, rises in the Panna hills, flows through the northern, narrower portion of
the Nagod tehsil almost in a due west-east direction and bends towards the
south from the point where it is joined by Aman river. Thereafter it makes the
boundary of the Nagod and Raghuraj Nagar tehsils till it meets the Tons a few
miles to the south-east of Satna town. Simrawal, another impurtant affluent of
the Tons, flows south of Kothi in Raghuraj Nagar tehsil.
The Son, the great
river to the south of the Kymore hills does not actually enter the district but
makes the southern boundary of Amarpatan tehsil with Beohari tehsil of shahdol
district. It is joined by the Mahanadi river, which flows along the boundary of
Maihar and Beohari tehsils just at the point where the Son takes a turn towards
the east between villages Sakwari and Bamaraha.
Forest in the district are included in the Rewa forest division with headquarters at Rewa. Forests, which are mostly mixed forests cover an area of 900 square miles in the district, extending over four ranges with headquarters at Satna, Majhgawan (both in Raghuraj Nagar tehsil) Nagod and Maihar. The breakup of the forests according to whether they are protected or reserved forests is given below for each range.
|
Name of range |
Territorial constitution |
Reserved forests (inacres) |
Protected forests (inacres) |
Remarks |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Satna |
Amarpatan and adjoining parts of Raghuraj Nagar tehsil. |
51,840 |
22,400 |
Mostly spread over Kaumur and Nara hills and to some extent also on the plains. |
|
Majhgawan |
Part of Raghuraj nagar tehsil (Panna hills) |
8,320 |
1,37,600 |
Spread over small hills in the area. |
|
Nagod |
Nagod tehsil and part of Raghuraj Nagar tehsil. |
5,120 |
1,97,120 |
Spread over small hills in the area. |
|
Maihar |
Maihar Tehsil |
Nil |
1,53,600 |
Spread over Kaimur hills and slopes of Panna plateau. |
Teak (tectona grandis)
occurs in about 10 square miles of Satna range, 8 square miles of Nagod range
and 5 square miles of Maihar range. There is no Sal (Shorea robusia) in any one
of the ranges. Bamboo is found in all the ranges. Other trees that occur in the
district are saja (Terminalia tomentosa), salai (Boswellia serrata), tendu
(Diospyros tomentosa), Woodfordia floribunda, Khair (Acacia catechu), etc.
FAUNA:
Common animals found
in the forests are tiger (felis tigris), panther (felis pardus), sambhar (Rusa
unicolor), chital (Axis axis), wild bear (Melursus ursinus), deer, etc.
Rainfall :
Like any other part of
the State, Satna district receives its rainfall from the precipitation of the
Arabian sea monsoon. June to September are the months when most of the rainfall
is received. The downpour, as well as the number of rainy days are maximum in
the months of July and August.
Climate:
The year is more or less elearly divided into three seasons; namely the hot season extending roughly from middle February to middle June; the rainy season from middle June to September and the winter from November to middle February. Ther month of October witness the transition from the rainy to the cold weather.
|
Month |
Average temperature in centigrade |
|||
|
|
Mean Maximum |
Maximum |
Mean Minimum |
Minimum |
|
January |
24.4 |
29.2 |
9.3 |
4.0 |
|
February |
27.8 |
33.1 |
11.3 |
6.6 |
|
March |
33.4 |
38.6 |
16.6 |
11.4 |
|
April |
38.6 |
42.6 |
22.2 |
16.9 |
|
May |
42.3 |
45.0 |
27.2 |
22.3 |
|
June |
39.7 |
41.8 |
28.4 |
23.1 |
|
July |
32 |
37.0 |
25.2 |
22.8 |
|
August |
30.5 |
33.5 |
24.5 |
22.4 |
|
September |
31.3 |
33.8 |
23.9 |
21.6 |
|
October |
31.3 |
33.7 |
19.5 |
14.1 |
|
November |
28.9 |
31.8 |
11.8 |
8.0 |
|
December |
26.1 |
29.5 |
8.8 |
5.0 |